PHARMACEUTICAL PATENTS AND ACCESS TO MEDICINE

PHARMACEUTICAL PATENTS AND ACCESS TO MEDICINE

PHARMACEUTICAL PATENTS AND ACCESS TO MEDICINE

AUTHORS – PRASANNA S* & LAVANYA P**

* PRASANNA S, CHAIRMAN OF INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION AND I.L.E. EDUCATIONAL TRUST. EMAIL – PRASANNA@ILEDU.IN.

** LAVANYA P, CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR OF INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION. EMAIL – LAVANYA@ILEDU.IN.

Best Citation – PRASANNA S & LAVANYA P, TRADEMARK PROTECTION IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, ILE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND CORPORATE LAW REVIEW, 2 (1) of 2023, Pg. 01-10, APIS – 3920 – 0008 | ISSN – 2583–6153.

Abstract

Pharmaceutical patents play a pivotal role in incentivizing innovation in the medical field. However, the tension between intellectual property rights and access to essential medicines remains a critical global concern. This research paper explores the complex interplay between pharmaceutical patents and the imperative of providing affordable access to medicines. By examining case studies, international agreements, and ethical considerations, the paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on striking a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring the availability of life-saving drugs for all.

Keywords: Pharmaceutical Patents, Access to Medicine, Innovation, Intellectual Property Rights, Global Health, Ethical Considerations.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

i. Articles:

1. Gold, E. R. (2010). “Globalization, Intellectual Property, and Access to Medicines: Balancing the International and the Local.” McGill International Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy, 6(1), 7-28.

2. Love, J., Hubbard, T., & Smith, R. (2009). “Rewarding Vaccine Innovation While Ensuring Access.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87(5), 339-344.

3. ‘Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Medicines: Do the TRIPS Flexibilities Work?’ (2008) 56(4) Emory Law Journal 905.

4. Abott, F. M. (2015). “The Doha Declaration Ten Years Later: A Stocktaking of Its Impact on Global Health.” American Journal of International Law, 105(1), 98-130.

5. Kapczynski, A., Park, C., & Sampat, B. N. (2010). “Polymorphs and Prodrugs and Salts (Oh My!): An Empirical Analysis of ‘Secondary’ Pharmaceutical Patents.” PLoS ONE, 5(10), e12579.

ii. Books:

1. ‘Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World.’ (2005) A. M. C. Lever, B. R. Newell, A. M. C. Lever (Eds.), Cambridge University Press.

2. Correa, C. M. (2007). ‘Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Commentary on the TRIPS Agreement.’ Oxford University Press.

3. Shadlen, K. C. (2017). ‘Drug Patents and the Politics of Global Health: Competing Claims to Innovation and Access.’ Routledge.

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5. Chon, M. S. (2009). ‘Intellectual Property, Medicine and Health: Current Debates.’ Springer.

iii. Case Law:

1. Novartis AG v. Union of India & Others (2013) 6 SCC 1: – Landmark Indian Supreme Court case addressing the issue of evergreening and the denial of a patent for the cancer drug Glivec.

2. South Africa – Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association v. President of South Africa (2002) 4 SA 521 (CC): – A key case in South Africa regarding access to antiretroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS treatment and the balance between patent rights and public health.

3. AbbVie Biotechnology Ltd. v. Union of India & Others (2014) SCC OnLine Bom 4531: – High Court of Bombay decision regarding compulsory licensing and access to a patented drug used in the treatment of cancer.

4. Brazil – Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical and Chemical Products, WTO Dispute DS199 (1997-1998): – A World Trade Organization dispute involving Brazil’s challenge to certain aspects of the TRIPS Agreement, particularly related to pharmaceutical patents.

5. Thailand – Compulsory Licensing of Patented Pharmaceutical Products, WTO Dispute DS401 (2006): – WTO dispute involving Thailand’s issuance of compulsory licenses for certain patented HIV/AIDS drugs.

iv. Websites:

1. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO): [https://www.wipo.int/](https://www.wipo.int/)

2. World Trade Organization (WTO): [https://www.wto.org/](https://www.wto.org/)

3. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Access Campaign: [https://www.msfaccess.org/](https://www.msfaccess.org/)

4. The Access to Medicine Foundation: [https://accesstomedicinefoundation.org/](https://accesstomedicinefoundation.org/)

5. Intellectual Property Watch – Health Policy: [https://www.ip-watch.org/theme/health/](https://www.ip-watch.org/theme/health/)

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