BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PATENT LAW
AUTHORS – PRASANNA S* & LAVANYA P**
* PRASANNA S, CHAIRMAN OF INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION AND I.L.E. EDUCATIONAL TRUST. EMAIL – PRASANNA@ILEDU.IN.
** LAVANYA P, CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR OF INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION. EMAIL – LAVANYA@ILEDU.IN.
Best Citation – PRASANNA S & LAVANYA P, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PATENT LAW, ILE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND CORPORATE LAW REVIEW, 2 (1) of 2023, Pg. 36-45, APIS – 3920 – 0008 | ISSN – 2583–6153.
Abstract:
Biotechnology innovations have revolutionized the field of science, introducing ground breaking advancements with profound implications for healthcare, agriculture, and industry. This paper critically examines the intersection of biotechnology and patent law, delving into the ethical and legal challenges posed by the patenting of genetic material, bioengineered organisms, and therapeutic techniques. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant case law, legislative developments, and international perspectives, this research seeks to shed light on the delicate balance between incentivizing innovation and ensuring equitable access to biotechnological advancements.
Keywords: Biotechnology, Patent Law, Genetic Material, Bioengineered Organisms, Ethical Challenges, Access to Innovation.
Bibliography
i. Articles
- Cho, M. K., & Cho, A. (2009). Patents and Biomedical Research. Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(15), 1646–1648.
- Rai, A., & Boyle, J. (2007). Synthetic Biology: Caught between Property Rights, the Public Domain, and the Commons. PLoS Biology, 5(3), e58.
- Cook-Deegan, R. M. (2016). The Gene Patenting Wars: Lessons from the US and Europe. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 17, 433–453.
- Gold, E. R. (2012). The Gene Patenting Debate: A Comparative Perspective. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 40(2), 276–286.
- Van Overwalle, G. (2005). Gene Patents and the TRIPS Agreement: A Comparative Analysis of the European and US Approaches. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 8(2), 233–260.
ii. Books
- Burk, D. L., & Lemley, M. A. (2009). The Patent Crisis and How the Courts Can Solve It. University of Chicago Press.
- Caulfield, T., & Gold, E. R. (2002). The Death of the Gene: Developmental Systems Strike Back. Duke Law Journal, 52(4), 623–668.
- Merges, R. P. (2011). Justifying Intellectual Property. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, 24(2), 287–316.
- Nuffield Council on Bioethics. (2002). The Ethics of Patenting DNA: A Discussion Paper. Nuffield Council on Bioethics.
- Dreyfuss, R. C., & Zimmerman, D. L. (1997). The Uneasy Case for Intellectual Property Rights in Traditional Knowledge. Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, 15(3), 401–517.
iii. Case Law
- Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980).
- Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., 569 U.S. 576 (2013).
- Harvard College v. Canada (Commissioner of Patents), [2002] 4 S.C.R. 45.
- Monsanto Canada Inc. v. Schmeiser, [2004] 1 S.C.R. 902.
- In re Kubin, 561 F.3d 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2009).
iv. Websites
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) – [Biotechnology and Intellectual Property](https://www.wipo.int/biotech/en/).
- European Patent Office (EPO) – [Biotechnology](https://www.epo.org/searching-for-patents/helpful-resources/biotechnology.html).
- United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) – [Biotechnology](https://www.uspto.gov/patent/patents-getting-started/general-information-concerning-patents#heading-2).
- Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News – [Legal & Regulatory](https://www.genengnews.com/topics/legal-regulatory/).
- Council for Responsible Genetics – [Biotechnology and Patents](https://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/topics/biotechnology-and-patents).
v. Other references
- Prasanna, S., et al. EMPOWERMENT AND EQUALITY NAVIGATING HUMAN RIGHTS LAW IN A COMPLEX WORLD. Institute of Legal Education, 2023. Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=8073531615629308019
- PRASANNA, S., and P. LAVANYA. “NAVIGATING THE MAZE: UNDERSTANDING KEY DATA PRIVACY AND SECURITY LAWS WORLDWIDE.” Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=14275456488561985070
- Gopala, Bhagyamma. “A constitutional imperative for gender equality and dignity: a discourse on menstrual leave in India.” ILE Constitutional Review 2 (2023). Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=14542656713228494739
- Tulsyan, Aryan. “Cannabis and the constitution:’High time for amending the NDPS act?.” ILE Human Rights Law Review 1.1 (2022). Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=1620071720487117886
- SINGH, UJJWAL. “CUSTODIAL VIOLENCE IN MODERN INDIA.” Journal of the Indian Law Institute 36.3 (1994). Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=4641833531038214506
- Azizfan, Sayed Malik Shah. “A BLUEPRINT FOR SUSTAINABLE POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT MITIGATION: SYNTHESIZING SOCIOECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN AFGHANISTAN.” Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=17585185253194219063
- PRASANNA, S., and P. LAVANYA. “PROTECTING PERSONAL DATA: A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO DATA PRIVACY REGULATION.” Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=2736636049548842283
- PRASANNA, S., and P. LAVANYA. “NAVIGATING THE MAZE: UNDERSTANDING KEY DATA PRIVACY AND SECURITY LAWS WORLDWIDE.”. Access here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=14275456488561985070
- PRASANNA, S., and P. LAVANYA. “DATA PRIVACY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: COMPLIANCE WITH INDIAN LAWS.”. Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=2482682029322735326
- SRIVASTAVA, AVANTIKA. “A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF LAWS PERTAINING TO RAPE AND FALSE MARRIAGE PROMISES.” Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=15122870610367691037
- Abdurahim Zai, Mohammad Edris, and Naseebullah Amani. “The Impact of Green Supply Chain Management on Climate Change: Cursory Glance on the Food Industry.” International Environmental Legal Research Journal 1.1 (2023): 150-161. Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=9866710733130422173
- JAYAL, HARDIK, and SHREYA SINGH THAKUR. “A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS REGARDING THE PRACTICE OF BONDED LABOUR IN INDIA.” Access Here – https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=16247068770278814586